Forensic toxicology serves as a crucial discipline in criminal investigations and legal proceedings. Skilled toxicologists are trained to examine biological samples, such as blood, urine, and tissue, for the presence of drugs, poisons, or other harmful substances. Their meticulous analysis can provide vital clues to reveal cause of death, identify

Semiconductors play a fundamental role in modern electronics due to their ability to manipulate the flow of electricity under specific conditions. They can be broadly classified into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Intrinsic semiconductors, such as pure silicon or germanium, possess limited conductivity because their valence